Chart #3: C A G K E I O M S Q W U B Y F D J H N L R P V T Z X It is unlikely that you will ever encounter a font scrambled quite like this, but you will often encounter fonts that do not have the characters in a standard order (for instance, ordered top to bottom instead of left to right), so this exercise will show you what to do regardless of what order the font may be in. Exercise #2: Find the relative value of the word ROCKET using Chart #2.( ) Now, for the sake of example, let s try mixing things up a bit. The relative value of the word CAT (-2, +19) remains unchanged. With these values, A(27) is still 2 less than C(29) and T(46) is still 19 more than A. (Solution ) Chart #2: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Let us arbitrarily assign A the value of 27. Exercise #1: Find the relative value of the word PIE using Chart #1. This makes the relative value of the word GEX -2,+19, identical to the relative value of CAT. The letter E is 2 spaces to the left of the letter G and the letter X is 19 spaces to the right of E.
Consider the (somewhat imaginary) word GEX. As has been stressed repeatedly, what is important is not the individual values of the characters, but the relationship between those values. In this case, the relative value of the word CAT is -2,+19.
As I said before, what is important is not the values of the individual characters, but the relationship between them: the relative values. Don t get hung up on assigning the values to the letters, however. 1 is certainly 2 less than 3, 20 is 19 more than 1. Chart #1: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Examine the chart above and you can verify that the relationships listed previously are, in fact, correct. A relative search utility has no idea what the letters C, A or T mean, but it does know that (in standard alphabetical order) the value of the letter A is 2 less than the value of the letter C and that the value of the letter T is 19 more than that of A. It is the relationship between two or more items that a relative search program seeks out, not the items themselves. What many people fail to understand is that a relative search does not care about the entities, it only cares about how they relate. More importantly, we need to examine its root word: relate. The Theory of Relative Searching ģ Basic English To understand what relative searching is and how it works, we need to look at the first word of the term: relative. If you can grasp this concept of tiles, it will be easier to understand the underlying theory of relative searching. One of the biggest roadblocks a novice hacker encounters when learning to relative search is that they are dealing with pictures, not words. To the console, the word MARIO is no different from a picture of Mario. When a game displays text on the screen, all it is doing is displaying these graphic tiles. It is important that you understand this tile concept. The red lines indicate the border of each tile. Image #1 Image #1 is a typical 8x8 font as viewed in a tile editor. The only reason we refer to the tiles that contain letters, numbers and punctuation as a font is for the sake of convenience. This is why you can't simply open a ROM in a word processor and edit the text. With ROMs, there is no distinction between text and graphics. You can cut & paste the text into a basic text editor and modify it as you wish, but the images would have to be accessed with an image editor in order to manipulate them. In a document, such as this tutorial, there is a clear distinction between text and graphics. About The Author Table Of Contents First Things First Before you can understand relative searching, you must first understand the basics of how fonts are stored in console games.
#SPEEDCRUNCH HEXADECIMAL HOW TO#
What I will explain is the underlying technique that a relative search utility uses, that is, what the tool does, not how to make it do so. Each hex editor (as well as the relative search utilities that preceded the feature s common implementation in editors) works differently, so you will need to refer to your application s documentation for instructions. This document is not intended to explain the technical details of relative searching. With this article, I intend to expound upon the theory of relative searching and explain the basis of how it works. Relative searching, while not quite as awe inspiring, seems to be almost as difficult to grasp for the fledgling ROM hacker. 2 Einstein s Theory of Relativity is considered to be one of the utmost works of modern genius.
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